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Corresponding Author:
Olabode E. Olabisi, Department of Economics, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin Ondo State, Nigeria

Coauthors:
Evan Lau, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Malaysia

Causality Testing between Trade Openness, Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: Fresh Evidence from Sub-Saharan African Countries

Volume 71 - Issue 4, November 2018
(pp. 437-464)
JEL classification: F14, F43, O49, O55
Keywords: FDI, Real GDP per capita, Pooled Mean Group, Trade Openness

Abstract

Previous works are yet to reach a consensus about the direction of causality between Trade Openness (TO), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Economic Growth (EG), in particular, using a panel data analysis for Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. This study adopts first and second generation econometric methods to analyse the relationships between trade openness, FDI and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa countries over the period 1980-2016. The Westerlund cointegration, the Common Correlated Effect Mean Group (CCEMG), and the  Bootstrapp Granger causality econometric techniques were adopted. Findings show there is a cross-sectional dependence among the 23 SSA countries examined. A long-run cointegration among trade openness, FDI and economic growth also exists. A positive and significant relationship exists between trade openness and economic growth. FDI indicates a positive and significant relationship with economic growth. The panel error correction term (ECT) result further confirmed the long-run relationship among the variables. A bidirectional causal relationship exists among trade openness, foreign direct investment net inflows and economic growth for Gambia, Senegal and South African countries. As part of our policy recommendations, SSA government should promote trade openness by reducing or eliminating trade tariff and non-tariffs that can limit the economic activities in the region


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Institute for International Economics
of the Genoa Chamber of Commerce


Istituto di Economia Internazionale
Camera di Commercio di Genova
Via Garibaldi, 4 (III piano) - 16124 Genova (Italy)
www.ge.camcom.gov.it