Recent Articles

Read more about our latest published articles.

Review’s Archive

Corresponding Author:
Christer Thrane, The Department of Social Science at Lillehammer University College, Norway

Coauthors:
Ainura Uzagalieva, Independent Economist, Italy
Antonio Menezes , Centre of Applied Economics Studies of the Atlantic at the Department of Economics and Management, the University of the Azores, Portugal

A Multivariate Logit for Propensity to Choose Package Tour over Independent Travel

Volume 74 - Issue 3, August 2021
(pp. 369-388)
JEL classification: C13, C35, C51,Z32, Z33, Z38
Keywords: Package Tour, Independent Travel, Statistical Modeling, Logit Regression, Tourism Policy

Abstract

The antecedents of choosing package tours as opposed to independent travel have received surprisingly little attention in empirical tourism research. This paper therefore examines how a number of independent variables explain the propensity for package tours to be chosen over independent travel by means of logistic regression analysis. The empirical context is the inbound tourism market to the Azores, and the data refer to two visitor micro surveys. There are two main findings. (1) Socio-demographic variables explain very little of the propensity to engage in package tourism. (2) Country-of-residence and certain trip-related variables, by contrast, are important predictors of this propensity. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.

 

 

JEL Classification: C13, C35, C51,Z32, Z33, Z38


Read the full article

Download the article in PDF format to read and print.


Bibliography

Askari, H. (1971), “Demand for Package Tour”, Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 5(1), 40-51.

Ayazlar, R.A. (2014), “Dynamic Packaging Applications In Travel Agencies”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral  Sciences, 131, 326-331.

Bai, B.,  S. Jang,  L. Cai and J.T. O’Leary (2001), “Determinants of Travel Mode Choice of Senior Travelers to the United States”, Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 8(3/4), 147-168.

 Barros, C.P., L. Gil-Alana and C. Santos (2008), “Tourism in Azores Islands: Persistence in the Monthly Arrivals”, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, DE, Working Papers  No. 9.

 Cohen, E. (1972), “Toward a Sociology of International Tourism”,  Social Research, 39(1), 164-182.

Enoch, Y. (1996), “Contents of Tour Packages: A Cross-Cultural Comparison”, Annals of Tourism Research, 23(3), 599-616.

Esztergár-Kiss, D. and C.S. Csiszár (2015), “Evaluation of Multimodal Journey Planners and Definition of Service Levels”, International Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems Research, 13(3), 154-165.

Esztergár-Kiss, D. and T. Kerényi (2020), “Creation of Mobility Packages based on the MaaS Concept”, Travel Behaviour and Society, 21, 307-317.

Gray, P. (1970), International Travel International Trade, Heath Lexington Books, Lexington: Massachusetts.

Hsieh, S., J.T. O’Leary and A.M. Morrison (1994), “A Comparison of Package and Non-package Travelers from the United Kingdom”, Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 6(3-4), 79-100.

Hsieh, S., J.T. O’Leary,  A.M. Morrison and S. Chang (1993), “Modeling the Travel Mode Choice of Australian Outbound Travellers”, The Journal of Tourism Studies,  4(1), 51-61.

Hyde, K. and R. Lawson (2003), “The Nature of Independent Travel”, Journal of Travel Research, 42(1), 13-23.

Kamargianni, M.,  W. Li, M. Matyas and A. Schäfer (2016), “A Critical Review of New Mobility Services for Urban Transport”, Transportation Research Procedia, 14, 3294-3303.

Long, J.S. (1997), Regression Models for Categorical and Limited Dependent Variables, Sage Publications: Thousand Oaks, CA.

Mehmetoglu, M. (2006), “Segmenting the Nature-Based Tourists Based on Travel Mode Choice”, Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 14(4), 47-67.

Menezes, A., Moniz, A. and C. Vieira (2008), “The Determinants of Length of Stay of  Tourists in the Azores”, Tourism Economics, 14(1), 205-222.

Meurs, H. and H. Timmermans (2017), “Mobility as a Service as a Multi-Sided Market: Challenges for Modeling”, 96th Transportation Research Board (TRB) Annual Meeting, Washington, United States, 8-12 January 2017.

Pearce, G.D., L. Reid and C. Schott (2009), “Travel Arrangements and the Distribution Behaviour of New Zealand Outbound Travellers”, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 26(1), 80-97.

Plog, S.C. (1974), “Why Destination Areas Rise and Fall in Popularity”, Cornell Hotel  and Restaurant Aministration Quarterly, 14(4), 55-58. <https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cqxa/14/4> .

Poon, A. (1993), Tourism, Technology and Competitive Strategies, CAB International Books: Wallingford, Mountain.

Quiroga, I. (1990), “Characteristics of Package Tours in Europe”, Annals of Tourism Research, 17(2), 185-207.

Sheldon, J.P. and J. Mak (1987), “The Demand for Package Tours: a Mode Choice Model”,  Journal of Travel Research,  25(3), 13-17.

Statistics of Portugal (2012), Statistical Yearbook of the Azores Region: 2002-2011.   <http://www.ine.pt>.

Thrane, C. (2005), “Hedonic Price Models and Sun-and-Beach Package Tours: The Norwegian Case”, Journal of Travel Research, 43(3), 302-308.

Thrane, C. and E. Farstad (2012), “Nationality as a Segmentation Criterion in Tourism Research: the Case of International Tourists’ Expenditures while on Trips in Norway”, Tourism Economics, 18(1), 203-217.

Vieira, C.J., G. Couto, P. Pimentel, A. Menezes, A. Moniz and F. Sousa (2013), “The Satisfaction of the Nordic Tourist with the Azores as a Destination”, Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 13(1), 58-72.

Wong, C.S. and W.Y. Kwong (2004), “Outbound Tourists’ Selection Criteria for Choosing All-Inclusive Package Tours”, Tourism Management, 25(5), 581-592.

Yamamoto, D. and A.M. Gill (1999),”Emerging Trends in Japanese Package Tourism”, Journal of Travel Research, 38(2), 134-143.

Yoon, J. and E.L. Shafer (1997), “An Analysis of Sun-spot Destination Resort Market Segments: All-inclusive Package Versus Independent Travel Arrangements”, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 21(1), 141-159.

Register your account

First-time users should click on “Register your account” and enter the requested information. Upon successful registration, you will receive an e-mail with instructions to verify your registration.

Submission Guidelines

Authors’ login

Use the assigned user ID and password to login. Please, do not register again. Usernames and passwords may be changed after.

Quick search by author:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Back to the top

Institute for International Economics
of the Genoa Chamber of Commerce


Istituto di Economia Internazionale
Camera di Commercio di Genova
Via Garibaldi, 4 (III piano) - 16124 Genova (Italy)
www.ge.camcom.gov.it